The structure of compiler

The high level of compiler

Input Code --> Compiler --> Output Code

Compiler: Front-end --> Back-end

Front-end: Morphology --> Syntax

Back-end: Instruct --> Optimize

A compiler structure without optimize

Morphology analysis --> Syntax analysis --> Semantic analysis --> Generate Code

The sequence of characters --> Marks --> Abstruct Syntax Tree --> Middle Code --> Target Code

A compiler is combined with multi phases, and each phase handles different problems. (There should be use different data structure and algorithms)

Example

• Source code: Function Sum

  • There are two formal syntaxs: Integer and add

• Target machine: A stack computer

  • Two instructs: push and add

• Mission: To compile a program 1 + 2 + 3 to stack computer

  1. Syntax analysis and semantic analysis

  2. Generate AST (Abstract Syntax Tree)

  3. Generate Code